What does qualitative data gathering in research primarily avoid?

Qualitative data gathering in research is focused on understanding phenomena through non-numeric information, such as themes, concepts, and perceptions derived from interviews, observations, or open-ended survey questions. The emphasis is on exploring depth rather than quantifying data. By its nature, qualitative research is designed to capture rich, descriptive data, which inherently avoids numeric information that is typically applicable in quantitative research methods.

The other options refer to various types of qualitative evidence and methodologies. Anecdotal evidence encompasses personal stories and experiences, which qualitative research often utilizes for data collection. Case studies provide in-depth analysis of a particular instance or group, serving as a common qualitative method to explore complex issues. Controlled experiments pertain more to quantitative methods where variables are manipulated and measured, contrasting with the exploratory approach of qualitative research. Thus, the distinction clearly points out that qualitative data gathering avoids numeric information as it seeks to understand deeper insights rather than statistical measurements.