What must EMS providers explain to obtain informed consent?

Informed consent is a critical aspect of providing medical care, particularly in emergency medical services (EMS). To obtain informed consent, EMS providers must clearly communicate the risks and options of the proposed care. This means that patients need to be made fully aware of what the treatment entails, any potential risks or side effects associated with it, and alternative options they might have, including the choice to refuse treatment. By ensuring that patients understand these factors, providers empower them to make informed decisions about their health care.

While it is also important to discuss the benefits of treatment, specific risks and alternative options hold the most weight in the patient's decision-making process. Providing a time estimate for the procedure or detailing the provider's credentials, while helpful information, are not central to the informed consent process itself. The essence of informed consent lies in ensuring that the patient comprehensively understands their options and the implications before consenting to any treatment, thereby safeguarding their autonomy and rights.