What type of research involves active control and manipulation of variables?

Experimental research involves the active control and manipulation of variables to establish cause-and-effect relationships. In this type of research, the researcher conducts experiments where independent variables are systematically varied to observe their effect on dependent variables. This approach is fundamental in scientific investigations as it allows researchers to isolate factors and assess how changes in one element can lead to changes in another.

By controlling and manipulating variables, researchers can draw clearer conclusions about the relationships between those variables. This is especially crucial in fields such as psychology, medicine, and social sciences, where understanding causation is essential. The rigor of experimental design, including the use of control groups and randomization, strengthens the validity of the findings, making experimental research a key component of the scientific method.

In contrast, other types of research, such as prospective, qualitative, and descriptive research, do not involve such control over variables or manipulation, focusing instead on observation, data collection, or analysis of existing information.