Which of the following body sites is commonly used for IO (intraosseous) insertion?

The proximal tibia is commonly used for intraosseous (IO) insertion. This site is favored because it is easily accessible and provides rapid access to the central circulation in emergency situations, particularly in pediatric patients. The proximity of the tibia to major blood vessels makes it effective for rapid fluid resuscitation and medication administration, essential in scenarios where intravenous access is difficult or impossible.

While the sternum can also be used for IO access, it is less commonly favored in practice, primarily due to the potential for complications and the requirement for more technical skill and training. The pelvis and femur are not standard sites for IO insertion and may not provide the rapid access needed in emergencies. The advantages of using the proximal tibia include ease of landmark identification, a reliable blood supply, and reduced risk of complications, making it the preferred choice for intraosseous access in many medical protocols.